CasNo: 1344-28-1
Molecular Formula: Al2O3
Appearance: white odorless crystalline powder
Use Description |
Aluminum oxide, also known as alumina, is a versatile compound with a wide range of applications across various fields. In the field of materials science and engineering, it is extensively used as a high-strength ceramic material due to its exceptional hardness and resistance to wear and corrosion. Alumina is commonly employed as an abrasive in the manufacturing of grinding wheels, sandpapers, and cutting tools. In the electronics industry, it plays a pivotal role as an insulating material in the fabrication of semiconductors and integrated circuits, where its electrical insulating properties are highly valued. Additionally, alumina finds use in the field of aerospace, as it is utilized in the production of heat-resistant components for spacecraft and aircraft. Its roles and significance may vary, but aluminum oxide consistently proves its importance in enhancing materials' durability, electrical insulation, and thermal resistance across these diverse fields. |
Chemical Formula and Nature |
Aluminum oxide, with the chemical formula Al2O3, is amphoteric, meaning it can act as both an acid and a base. |
Properties |
Aluminum oxide possesses high hardness and wear resistance, making it suitable for a range of applications. Its thermal, chemical, and physical properties make it advantageous compared to several other ceramic materials. |
Industrial Production |
Approximately 45 million tons of aluminum oxide are produced globally each year, primarily through the Bayer method using bauxite. Of this production, about 40 million tons are consumed for refining aluminum, while approximately 5 million tons are used for various chemical-grade applications. |
Synthesis Methods |
Various methods exist for synthesizing aluminum oxide, each with its advantages and disadvantages. These methods include precipitation, combustion, sol-gel, wet chemical, synthesis in supercritical water conditions, microwave, mechanochemical, and hydrolysis. Among these methods, precipitation is considered the most efficient due to its simplicity, use of inexpensive raw materials, low pollution, and ability to produce high-purity, thermally stable products with nearly homogeneous nanoparticle sizes. |
InChI:InChI=1/2Al.3O/q2*+3;3*-2
Thermal decomposition of aluminum isopro...
Pulse electric current sintering (PECS) ...
Gibbsite (FG) with mean particle diamete...
χ-, κ- and α-alumina phases formed by de...
The gibbsite →χ-alumina decomposition (i...
Aluminum hydroxide was prepared by preci...
Conditions for the preparation of single...
Thermal decomposition of aluminum isopro...
X-ray phase and differential thermal ana...
A surfactant-templated route to mesostru...
The thermal decomposition mechanism of s...
In this work, we investigated the effect...
Amorphous Al2O3 transforms into the pseu...
The sub-nanometer composition and interl...
Series of Eu2+/Ce3+, Ce3+/Tb3+ and Eu2+/...
aluminum isopropoxide
aluminum oxide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
In
water; isopropyl alcohol; toluene;
at 265 ℃;
for 14h;
under 45004.5 - 75007.5 Torr;
|
|
hydrolysis;;
|
|
reduced-pressure chemical vapor deposition (N2, N2/H2, N2/O2 or N2/H2O atmoisphere, 200-380°C, total gas flow 1000 ml/min);
|
|
With
water;
In
propan-1-ol;
pptn. on H2O addn., polymer addn. either with H2O or after hydrolysis step, drying, calcination (773 K, 24 h); surface area and porosity depending on polymer type, its amount, and method of addition;
|
|
With
polyethylene glycol; water;
In
propan-1-ol;
pptn. on H2O addn., polymer addn. either with H2O or after hydrolysis step, drying, calcination (773 K, 24 h); surface area and porosity depending on polymer type, its amount, and method of addition;
|
|
With
water;
In
propan-1-ol;
pptn. on H2O addn., polymer addn. either with H2O or after hydrolysis step, drying, calcination (773 K, 24 h); surface area and porosity depending on polymer type, its amount, and method of addition;
|
|
With
water; Polyvinyl alcohol;
In
propan-1-ol;
pptn. on H2O addn., polymer addn. either with H2O or after hydrolysis step, drying, calcination (773 K, 24 h); surface area and porosity depending on polymer type, its amount, and method of addition;
|
|
With
water;
In
ethanol; water;
hydrolyzing Al-compd. dissolved in dried EtOH with distilled water; evapn., suspending of residue in distilled water and boiling for 1 h, evapn.;
|
|
With
water;
In
neat (no solvent);
slow hydrolysis of aluminium isopropoxide (placed in a porcelein dish) by atmospheric moisture, solid transferred to a silica crucible, dried in an air oven, 100 ° C, 12 h, calcined in a furnace, 600 ° C, 6 h;
|
|
With
water;
In
propan-1-ol;
pptn. on H2O addn., drying, calcination (773 K, 24 h); surface area and porosity depending on polymer type, its amount, and method of addition;
|
|
With
water;
In
not given;
hydrolysis, calcination of the obtained ppt. (800°C, 6 h); predominant γ-Al2O3;
|
|
With
oxygen;
In
gaseous matrix;
chemical vapor deposition (polycrystalline Pt or single-crystal Si substrate, 623 K, N2 carrier gas);
|
|
With
air;
In
cyclohexane;
dissoln. of Al compd. in C6H12, room temp.; stirring, 20-30 min; spraying through nozzle; freezing in stirred liq. nitrogen; decanting; drying by sublimation; calcining in flowing air at 300-800.degree;
|
|
With
air;
In
not given;
Al(OC3H7)3 hydrolysed, heated at 600°C for 24 h, pressed into disc, crushed, sieved, heated at 800°C for 4 h in air;
|
|
In
gas;
byproducts: AlO(OH), propene, H2O; thermal decompn. at 300-360°C, further products propane, isopropanol, acetone; elem. anal.;
Kinetics;
|
|
In
gaseous matrix;
chemical vapor deposition (N2 carrier gas, total flow rate 1000 ml/min,silicon substrate, 250-450°C=;
|
|
In
ethanol;
soln. of metal compds. sprayed onto substrate keeping over 400°C by Kavan, L. Graetzel, M., Electrochim. Acta 1995, 40, 643; annealed at 500°C for 1 h, analyzed by XRD; metal oxide layer obtained;
|
|
In
water;
hydrolysis, calcination (550°C) according to Lahousse, C., Aboulayt, A., Mauge, F., Bachelier, J. and Lavalley, J. C., J. Mol. Catal. 74,283 (1993).;
|
|
In
water;
hydrolyzation (85°C, 30 min) with water, drying (room temp., 24 h, 110°C, 12 h), calcination (500°C, 5 h) in air flow;
|
|
In
ethanol; water;
hydrolysis, pptn. of aluminium hydroxide, drying (130°C, 6 h);
|
|
In
neat (no solvent);
Electric Arc; low-temp. plasma deposition, pyrolysis, 290 and 460°C, atmospheric pressure, annealing (510°C, 15 min);
|
|
In
neat (no solvent);
thermal decompn. at 360°C, calcination at 600°C;
|
|
In
water; isopropyl alcohol;
calcination (600°C, 16 h;
|
|
In
propan-1-ol;
dissolving under stirring, water slow addn., slow agitation (24 h), filtration, washing (water), drying (373 K, 24 h), calcination (773 K, 24 h);
|
|
In
octane;
CVD on Si wafer at 300-475°C; soln. of Al isopropoxide in n-octane vaporized at 210°C; carrier gas: Ar; deposition pressure: 1.2 Torr; annealed in O2 for 1 h;
Kinetics;
|
|
With
Pluronic P123 triblock copolymer;
In
not given;
addn. of Pluronic P123 to a soln. of aluminum isopropoxide with or without polystyrene beads, slow evapn., calcination;
|
|
hydrolyzing; washing, drying;
|
|
In
water;
purified liquid poured into deionized water, stirred, form gel of aluminum hydroxide; hydroxide decomposed in air at 850°C;
|
|
With
water;
In
water;
hydrolysis; washing with water and drying at 120°C;
|
|
With
H2O;
In
water;
hydrolysis react., pptd. Al(OH)3 filtered, washed thoroughly, cut into cakes, dried at 120°C for 24 h, activated at 500°C in a stream of pure air for another 24 h; crushed, powdered and sieved to 40-60 mesh size;
|
|
hydrogenchloride;
In
water;
stirred under N2 at 170-250 °C, evapd., calcined at 1200 °C for 2 h;
|
|
With
H2O;
In
water;
Al isopropoxide addn. to water, heating (90°C, 2 h, vigorous stirring), HCl addn., boiling, dip coating (Si3N4 substrate), firing (1500°C, 10 h); scanning electron microscopy;
|
|
In
isopropyl alcohol;
(N2), Al isopropoxide refluxing in isopropanol( (overnight), H2O/isopropanol dropwise addn. (vigorous stirring), refluxing (1 h), evapn. (30°C), drying (105°C, overnight), calcination (400, 600, 800, or1000°C, 6 h, air); X-ray diffraction;
|
|
With
lauric acid; water;
In
propan-1-ol;
Al-hydroxide suspn. prepd. by hydrolysis of Al-isopropoxide with water in propanol; suspn. stirred for 1 h and then lauric acid added slowly; mixt. aged for 24 h and heated at 110°C for 2 d; ppt.filtered, washed with ethanol and dried; compd. calcined at temp. of 450°C with temp. ramp of 1°C/min under N2 (<200°C) and air at (>200°C);
|
|
In
further solvent(s);
High Pressure; according to Iwamoto, S.; Inoue, M. J. Jpn. Pet. Inst. 2008, 51, 143; aluminum triisopropoxide suspended in diethylenetriamine; placed in autoclave; diethylenetriamine added; purged with N2; heated (300°C, 2 h); cooled to room temp.; washed with acetone; air-dried; calcined (700°C, 30 min);
|
|
aluminum isopropoxide;
With
nitric acid;
In
ethanol;
for 5h;
In
ethanol;
at 60 ℃;
for 96h;
|
|
aluminum isopropoxide;
With
nitric acid;
In
ethanol;
for 5h;
at 60 ℃;
for 48h;
at 900 ℃;
for 10h;
Calcination;
|
|
aluminum isopropoxide;
With
cetyltrimethylammonim bromide;
In
water; isopropyl alcohol; toluene;
at 20 ℃;
for 29.5h;
at 500 ℃;
for 5h;
Calcination;
|
|
aluminum isopropoxide;
With
nitric acid;
In
ethanol;
at 20 ℃;
for 5h;
at 60 ℃;
for 48h;
Calcination;
|
|
aluminum isopropoxide;
With
nitric acid;
In
ethanol;
at 20 ℃;
for 5h;
at 400 ℃;
for 4h;
Calcination;
|
|
With
Pluronic P104;
In
ethanol;
at 20 ℃;
for 5h;
|
|
aluminum isopropoxide;
With
ammonium hydroxide; cis-Octadecenoic acid;
at 79.84 - 179.84 ℃;
for 53h;
at 549.84 ℃;
Calcination;
|
|
aluminum isopropoxide;
With
nitric acid;
In
ethanol;
at 60 ℃;
for 48h;
at 20 - 800 ℃;
Calcination;
|
|
aluminum isopropoxide;
With
nitric acid;
In
ethanol;
for 12h;
at 400 ℃;
for 2h;
Calcination;
|
|
aluminum isopropoxide;
With
nitric acid;
In
ethanol;
at 20 ℃;
for 5h;
at 700 ℃;
for 4h;
Calcination;
|
|
aluminum isopropoxide;
With
nitric acid;
In
ethanol;
at 60 ℃;
for 48h;
at 700 ℃;
for 4h;
Calcination;
|
|
With
water;
at 550 ℃;
for 2h;
|
aluminum oxide
Conditions | Yield |
---|---|
at 500 ℃;
for 30h;
under 7.50075E-05 Torr;
Purification / work up;
|
aluminum isopropoxide
ammonium hydroxide
aluminium trinitrate
hydrogenchloride
aluminum oxide
Al0645Mg0355O1.323
Al0712Mg0288O1.356
Al0755Mg0245O1.377