CasNo: 56-12-2
Molecular Formula: C4H9NO2
Appearance: White microcrystalline powder
General Description |
4-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and is formed from L-glutamate via the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase. |
Uses |
In vertebrates, 4-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) acts at inhibitory synapses in the brain, regulating ion flow through its receptors (GABAA and GABAB). GABAA receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, while GABAB are G protein-coupled receptors. GABA's excitatory function dominates in developing neurons, influencing chloride gradients that shift as the brain matures. GABAergic mechanisms extend to tissues like the intestine, kidney, pancreas, and reproductive organs. In plants, GABA plays a role in stress responses and ion transport. Research using Lemna plants has shown GABA promoting growth by increasing mineral content. |
Mechanism of Action | 4-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a critical inhibitory neurotransmitter, primarily regulating CNS activity by binding to GABAA receptors, which control chloride ion channels in neuronal membranes. This action depresses neuronal excitability, leading to effects like sedation, hypnosis, and anxiety reduction when activated by agonists. |
History | 4-Aminobutyric acid, commonly known as GABA, was first synthesized in 1883. Initially, it was known only as a metabolic product in plants and microbes. However, in 1950, it was discovered to play an essential role in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), acting as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. |
InChI:InChI=1/C4H9NO2/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h1-3,5H2,(H,6,7)
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Growth inhibition bybicuculline was not relieved by increasing the amountsof GABA in the medium, indicating that the alkaloid isnot acting, as in the CNS, by competitive antagonismof GABA at GABA receptor sites. Baclofen, a GABAagonist that promotes GABA activity in animalssignificantly increased GABA mediated promotion ofLemna growth. These findings and the knownaction of GABA in regulating ion channels in animalssuggests a way that GABA could amplify the stressresponse in plants.
In this work, by using a laser monitoring dynamic method, the solubility of 4-aminobutyric acid in five mono-solvents of methanol, formamide, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol and water, and (methanol + water) binary solvent mixtures was experimentally determined in the temperature ranging from 283.15 K to 323.15 K at atmospheric pressure. The modified Apelblat equation, λh equation and NRTL_Binary model were employed to correlate the solubility of 4-aminobutyric acid in five mono-solvents.
Density (ρ) and viscosity (η) measurements were carried out for 4-aminobutyric acid in 0.0041, 0.0125 and 0.0207 mol·L−1 aqueous salbutamol sulphate at 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K. The measured values of density and viscosity were used to estimate some important parameters such as apparent molar volume Vϕ, limiting apparent molar volume…
4-(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)aminobutanoic acid
4-nitro-phenol
4-amino-n-butyric acid
Conditions | Yield |
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With water; antibody 33B4F11; at 25 ℃; Rate constant; pH = 7.0, NaCl;
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4-amino-butyric acid 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl ester
Homovanillic acid
2,4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxyacetophenone
1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone
4-amino-n-butyric acid
Conditions | Yield |
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With water; UV-irradiation;
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pyrrolidine
2-pyrrolidinon
2-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
trans-4-aminocrotonic acid
4-phthalimidobutyric acid
N-Acetyl-4-aminobutyric acid
4-(2,4-dinitro-anilino)-butyric acid
4-guanidinobutyric acid